Fungal monopoly promotes allergy

ILC2s and fungal allergy

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have emerged recently as an important component of the immune system and the cell type that regulates mucosal immune responses and tissue homeostasis. Group 2 ILCs (ILC2s), a subset of ILCs, reside in various tissues and are characterized by their capacity to produce type 2 cytokines and tissue growth factors. These ILC2s play an important role in allergic immune re...

The spectrum of fungal allergy.

Fungi can be found throughout the world. They may live as saprophytes, parasites or symbionts of animals and plants in indoor as well as outdoor environment. For decades, fungi belonging to the ascomycota as well as to the basidiomycota have been known to cause a broad panel of human disorders. In contrast to pollen, fungal spores and/or mycelial cells may not only cause type I allergy, the mos...

The β-glucan receptor dectin-1 promotes lung immunopathology during fungal allergy via IL-22.

Sensitization to fungi, such as the mold Aspergillus fumigatus, is increasingly becoming linked with asthma severity. We have previously shown that lung responses generated via the β-glucan receptor Dectin-1 are required for lung defense during acute, invasive A. fumigatus infection. Unexpectedly, in an allergic model of chronic lung exposure to live A. fumigatus conidia, β-glucan recognition v...

The b-Glucan Receptor Dectin-1 Promotes Lung Immunopathology during Fungal Allergy via IL-22

Urinary Histidine Excretion in Patients with Classical Allergy (Type A Allergy), Food Intolerance (Type B Allergy), and Fungal-type Dysbiosis

Changes in histidine excretion reflect histidine conservation and thus the level of histamine secretion. Low levels were found in untreated patients with atopic (type A) allergy. However, levels in food intolerance (type B allergy) and fungal-type dysbiosis were also low (pv0.001 for each group compared with nonallergic controls). There were no differences between the three groups. The biochemi...